In order to investigate potential mitigating strategies that might be useful in combating the urban heat. Pdf local climate change and urban heat island mitigation. Its application reduce the effect of the uhi, also saves energy and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, contribute to reducing risks to public health, without forget the aesthetic value of the urban green spaces. To check the performance of wrf using this setup, we compare wrfsimulated nearsurface 2m temperature with observations and the results are shown in the supplemental figure s2. This research aims to investigate mitigation strategies for urban heat island uhi phenomenon to gauge resilience and promote urban sustainability. Resilience in this paper refers to the extent to which these uhi mitigation strategies will be able to achieve their design purpose and sustain in. Strategies for mitigating urban heat island impacts.
Mitigation of urban heat island the main mitigation strategies are. The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. The term urban heat island uhi appeared for the first time in the englishlanguage meteorological literature in a study by gordon manley in 1958 landsberg, 1981. Specifically, the cooling impacts of green roof and cool white highalbedo roof 25 strategies over the baltimorewashington metropolitan area during a heat wave period. Fulton schools of engineering school of sustainability in the built environment julie ann wrigley global institute of sustainability school of geographical sciences and urban planning.
Pdf modeling effects of urban heat island mitigation. Cool materials are characterized by high solar reflectance and infrared emittance values. On the use of cool materials as a heat island mitigation. The main cause of the urban heat island effect is from the modification of. Environmentconscious manual was also prepared in order to present. The reduction of urban heat island uhi and carbon emission is of great importance for thermal environment of urban residential areas. An urban heat island uhi is an urban area or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The only reference that focuses specifically on pavements, pavement materials for heat island mitigation. Alterations of surface area, improper urban planning, air pollution, etc. Abstract the growing urban heat island uhi phenomenon is having detrimental effects on urban populations and the environment, and therefore, must be addressed. High temperature in the city centers than its surroundings known as the urban heat island uhi effect, which is causing discomfort to the urban dwellers in the summer time is gaining much attention around the world because the world is getting urbanized as it advances in technology. Environmental protection agency epa established the heat island reduction initiative to quantify the potential benefits of heatisland reduction hir strategies i. To outline mitigation measures that the city of windsor can.
Cities now have a wide range of mitigation strategies available to them to help minimize their. David pijawka arizona state university barrett, the honors college ira a. A heat island mitigation brochure and poster were created in 2004 as part of an epa grant. Pdf increase of the ambient air temperature in cities caused by the urban heat. Effectiveness of different urban heat island mitigation. Lawrence berkeley national laboratory partnered with midamerica regional council marc to quantify the costs and benefits from the adoption of urban heat island uhi countermeasures in the kansas city region population 1. It is a metropolitan area whose temperature is significantly warmerhot compared to its surrounding areas. Mitigation is the process of reducing the seriousness or negative effects of something. Urban energy balance in order to investigate potential mitigating strategies that might be useful in combating the. The effectiveness of cool and green roofs as urban heat island mitigation strategies dan li1,4, elie bouzeid1 and michael oppenheimer2,3 1department of civil and environmental engineering, princeton university, princeton, nj 08540, usa 2woodrow wilson school of public and international affairs, princeton university, princeton, nj 08540, usa 3department of geosciences, princeton university. This document is available in its entirety in electronic format pdf on the institut.
Analysis of retroreflective surfaces for urban heat island mitigation. Heat island mitigation assessment and policy development. Pdf high temperature in the city centers than its surroundings known as the urban heat island uhi effect, which is causing discomfort to the urban. Design and management strategies explores different advanced paving materials, their. Generally, a city or county council, or planning commissions, issue resolutions. Urban heat island, its effects and mitigation measures. Numerous strategies have been created to mitigate the uhi effect in many of the worlds largest cities, while new mitigation strategies are consistanly being developed. The hvi is a useful, nationally replicable method that broadly outlines locations of heat vulnerable populations. Causes, health impacts and mitigation strategies what is an urban heat island uhi. This paper aimed to establish a method to analyze the effect of different underlying surface layouts on the reduction of heat island intensity and carbon emission. Evaluation of heat island mitigation strategies we use 2m temperature simulations from wrfslcum to evaluate the impact of heat island mitigation strategies. Green and cool roofs to mitigate urban heat island effects.
Urban heat island mitigation strategies and lizard thermal. However, the first discovery of uhi can be named after luke howard in 1820 priyadarsini, 2009, when he recognized the existence of a thermal difference between nights and days in london, as nights were 3. Epas heat island effect site provides information on heat islands, their impacts, mitigation strategies, related research, a directory of heat island reduction initiatives in u. Research strategies to reduce the heat island effect. Uhi is most noticeable during the summer and winter. Several studies in the last decades have revealed how critical the uhi effect can be in a cold climate, such as in. Reduce solar absorption replace dark surfaces, black roofs, and asphalt paving, with cool or light colored surfaces. The term heat island describes builtup areas that are hotter than nearby rural areas.
It thus constitutes a reference document for the implementation of local demonstration projects on urban heat island mitigation, for which calls for proposals are. Urban shade trees and lightcolored surfaces can offset or reverse the heat island and conserve energy. The task of cooling cities, improving outdoor thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption has often proved challenging. Heat island mitigation assessment and policy development for the kansas city region.
Urban heat island mitigation strategies and lizard thermal ecology. Urban heat island effect mitigation strategies and processes among al l the mitigation strategies, green vegetation seems to be the most effective m easure to encounter uhi. Urban heat island mitigation measures are making steady headway. Spring campus 2017 1 effectiveness of urban heat island mitigation strategies in cities prof. Pdf and audio files of todays session will be made. Recommendations this report researched three green infrastructure mitigation strategies the use of vegetation, roofs, and cool pavement and community engagement to reduce urban temperatures figure 3. Heat island mitigation strategies how to keep your cool learn about the five strategies to reduce the heat island effect. Trees and vegetation, green roofs, cool roofs, and cool pavements. About 90 percent of this excessive heat is due to buildings and pavements that absorb and store solar heat according to the green buildings council. Climate change and health adaptation bulletin canada. Strategic plan for urban heat island mitigation in the. Microclimate and urban heat island mitigation decision. Measures to mitigate urban heat islands cool roofs and cool. Cool roofs and green roofs are two popular methods to mitigate the urban heat island and improve urban climates.
Accordingly, this established model is applied here to show the. The presentation will conclude with a look at what the future might hold for heat island mitigation. Effectiveness of urban heat island mitigation strategies. Comparing the effects of urban heat island mitigation. Taking tianjin, china, as a case study area, a computational fluid dynamics cfd model. Mapping the land surface temperature distribution according to earth remote sensing allows delineate area, which characterized by abnormally high temperatures the soocalled heat island, and also udc 550. Heat island mitigation strategies are courses of action that reduce the heating effect of impervious surfaces roofs, roadways, buildings, etc. Microclimate and urban heat island mitigation decisionsupport tool cities are vulnerable to extreme temperatures, especially when it comes to the elderly and young children. For more information on heat island reduction strategies, see the corre sponding chapters of this compendium. Pavement materials for heat island mitigation 1st edition. Evaluation of urban heat island mitigation strategies for. The development of a heat island has regionalscale impacts on energy demand, air quality, and public health.
Energy saving potentials and air quality benefits of urban. This report examined uhi impacts, green infrastructure mitigation strategies, conducted a geographic information systems gis vulnerability analysis, and developed bostonspecific recommendations for green infrastructure mitigation of the uhi effect. The effectiveness of different urban heat island mitigation strategies in the summer of 20 in the yangtze river delta, china, is investigated using the weather research and forecasting wrf model coupled with a physically based singlelayer urban canopy model. Implementation of heat island mitigation measures is now a prominent part of president clintons climate change action plan to control the emissions of greenhouse gases, necessitating a better understanding of the quantitative benefits of. A zerodimensional energy balance model was previously developed to serve as a userfriendly mitigation tool for practitioners seeking to study the urban heat island uhi effect. On the use of cool materials as a heat island mitigation strategy article pdf available in journal of applied meteorology and climatology 4711. The effectiveness of cool and green roofs as urban heat. Simply stating, urban heat island uhi is defined as drastic increase of urban temperature compared to their rural surroundings. April 2015 to research the urban heat island uhi effect in boston. The purpose of this research is to investigate possible strategies that could be utilized to reduce the effects of the urban heat.
Linking science to april 2004 urban heat island and. Reduction of urban heat island and associated greenhouse. Increase tree canopy each 10% increase in canopy cover reduces maximum midday air temperature about 1c 1. In quebec the urban heat island mitigation strategies catalogue 71. Increasing awareness of the urban heat island uhi effect has raised attention about the outdoor thermal comfort in cities worldwide. Among heat island mitigation strategies, the use of cool materials has gained a lot of interest during the past few years because it is an efficient, lowcost, and easy to apply solution rosenfeld et al. The project consisted of two parts, one focusing on the analysis of the urban heat island phenomenon in the greater camden region, the other focusing on mitigation strategies for the urban heat island in the city of camden and adjoining communities. Effects of heat island mitigation on heatrelated mortality in montreal during heat wave periods of 2005, 2011 and 2018 hashem akbari 63 evaluation of momentum fluxes in developing internal boundary layers over an urban canopy afshin afshari 161 monitoring the urban heat island effect and the efficacy of future countermeasures in.
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